In recent months, the so-called “Russian Hybrid Warfare” has become increasingly popular in the headlines of newspapers and in the speeches of European leaders, mostly due to the growing number of NATO airspace violations by Russia. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said that, when it comes to Russia, “we are not at war, but we are no longer at peace either.” Eliza Manningham-Buller, the former head of British intelligence, reflected that it “may be right [to say] we’re alrea

Context On 8th September 2025, former Prime Minister of France François Bayrou asked the Assembly for a vote of confidence that resulted in a heavy defeat with 194 votes in favor of the government and 364 against. The motion was directly tied to the austerity budget for 2026, unveiled by Bayrou during the summer.  In response, President Emmanuel Macron appointed Sébastien Lecornu,  ex-Minister of the Armed Forces and Veterans Affairs, as Prime Minister on 9th September. Howev

Cohesion Policy: an ever-present concern. Concerns regarding regional development, territorial cohesion and economic inclusiveness have always accompanied the process of European economic integration since the very first days of the European Communities. Following the downsizing of the coal and steel industries as a result of the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951 a special Fund for the   Retraining and Resettlement of Workers  was set up to minimi