This year marks forty-five years since the Roquette Frères v Council judgment: a foundational decision that helped define the European Parliament’s role in the Community’s legislative process. In 1980, the Court of Justice of the European Union established through its ruling that the European Parliament’s consultation was not a mere procedural formality established by the Treaty but an essential step in the legislative process in order to ensure democratic participation in th

Over the course of its war of independence against Russian aggression, Ukraine has defied all odds. In Vladimir Putin’s vision , Russian tanks were meant to enter Kyiv within days, “liberating” the population from their democratically elected president Volodymyr Zelensky, who,  in 2019, had based his campaign , among other things, on finding a diplomatic solution to the conflict that Russia had sparked in the Donbas five years earlier . Yet, for all his willingness to negotia

In recent months, the so-called “Russian Hybrid Warfare” has become increasingly popular in the headlines of newspapers and in the speeches of European leaders, mostly due to the growing number of NATO airspace violations by Russia. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said that, when it comes to Russia, “we are not at war, but we are no longer at peace either.” Eliza Manningham-Buller, the former head of British intelligence, reflected that it “may be right [to say] we’re alrea

Context On 8th September 2025, former Prime Minister of France François Bayrou asked the Assembly for a vote of confidence that resulted in a heavy defeat with 194 votes in favor of the government and 364 against. The motion was directly tied to the austerity budget for 2026, unveiled by Bayrou during the summer.  In response, President Emmanuel Macron appointed Sébastien Lecornu,  ex-Minister of the Armed Forces and Veterans Affairs, as Prime Minister on 9th September. Howev