Context On 8th September 2025, former Prime Minister of France François Bayrou asked the Assembly for a vote of confidence that resulted in a heavy defeat with 194 votes in favor of the government and 364 against. The motion was directly tied to the austerity budget for 2026, unveiled by Bayrou during the summer. In response, President Emmanuel Macron appointed Sébastien Lecornu, ex-Minister of the Armed Forces and Veterans Affairs, as Prime Minister on 9th September. Howeve

Foto di Adrien Olichon da Pexels On the 18th of March 2025, the German Parliament passed a package of constitutional reforms, unleashing hundreds of billions of euros earmarked for defense, infrastructure, and projects. For decades, Germany has been considered the epitome of fiscal discipline. From the early days of the European Monetary Union, the Bundesbank has opted for tight budgetary controls and low inflation policies, resisting fiscal expansion. With this historic shi

The coronavirus crisis has exposed some critical divisions we are facing within the Union: blocs of “rigorous” countries (like the...